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Los factores que influyen en la generación de inundaciones pueden ser factores de lluvia y factores de cuenca. Los factores de lluvia son: a)Intensidad: Volumen de Precipitación por unidad de tiempo (mm/h); b)Duración: Periodo de análisis. Lluvias de corta duración son las tormentas; c)Frecuencia: Medida de la probabilidad de ocurrencia de eventos iguales omayores al que se analiza. Usualmente se relaciona con el Periodo de retorno; y d)Patrón: Variación temporal y variación espacial. Con respecto a los factores de cuencas, estos son:a)Morfometría (forma de la cuenca); b)Uso del Suelo y c) Capacidad de almacenamiento de agua de la cuenca.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P>

Los factores de lluvia nos son afectados directamente por los procesos de urbanización, pero siinfluyen muchísimo en la generación de una inundación en cuencas pequeñas. Una lluvia másintensa (mm de lluvia por unidad de tiempo) concentra una mayor cantidad de agua en el suelo, ysi la tasa de infiltración en el suelo o la velocidad de escurrimiento a los drenajes, es menor que laintensidad de la lluvia, se comienza a generar más cantidad de agua en los drenajes,desbordándolos y produciendo inundaciones.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P>

Los cambios a nivel global, están afectando los patrones de comportamiento de las lluvias endistribución temporal y espacial, incrementándose la frecuencia e intensidad de los extremos yproduciéndose tormentas altamente convectivas.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P>

El cambio de uso del suelo, es uno de los principales factores que alteran el ciclo hidrológico y lospatrones de escorrentía generando mayor amenaza de inundación. Cuando se deforesta una cuenca, se reduce la capacidad del suelo para infiltrar, generando mayor escurrimiento superficial y por lo tanto mayor cantidad de agua que puedadesbordar la capacidad de los ríos, quebradas y drenajes.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P>

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